Introduction

Crying is a normal way for newborn babies to communicate their needs. However, some babies experience prolonged and repeated episodes of crying without an obvious reason. This condition is commonly known as infant colic.

Colic can be stressful for parents, particularly when a baby continues crying despite feeding, burping or being comforted. Although it can be difficult to manage, infant colic is generally temporary and tends to improve as the baby grows.

Understanding its symptoms, possible causes and management techniques can help parents care for their babies with greater confidence.

What Is Infant Colic?

Infant colic refers to frequent, prolonged episodes of crying or fussiness in an otherwise healthy and well-fed baby. It commonly begins during the first few weeks of life and may become more noticeable in the evening.

Colic often peaks around six weeks of age and usually improves by three to four months. It is not necessarily a sign of digestive disease or poor parenting.

Common Symptoms of Infant Colic

Babies with colic may display several noticeable behaviours, including:

• Intense crying without an apparent reason.
• Crying episodes that occur around the same time each day.
• Clenching fists or tightening abdominal muscles.
• Pulling their legs towards the stomach.
• Facial redness while crying.
• Difficulty settling down despite feeding or comforting.

Although these symptoms are commonly associated with colic, persistent crying should be assessed by a doctor to rule out other medical conditions.

What Causes Infant Colic?

The exact cause of infant colic is not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to excessive crying during early infancy.

Developing Digestive System: A baby’s digestive system is still maturing, and some infants may experience feeding-related discomfort or gas.

Swallowing Excess Air: Babies may swallow air while feeding or crying, which can contribute to gas and abdominal discomfort.

Feeding Difficulties: Incorrect feeding positions, overfeeding or difficulties with feeding techniques may sometimes increase discomfort.

Sensitivity to Environmental Stimulation: Some babies may become unsettled by excessive noise, light or activity.

Developing Nervous System: Young babies are still learning to regulate their responses to stimulation, which may contribute to periods of excessive crying.

How Can Parents Help a Baby With Colic?

Although there is no single treatment that works for every baby, several soothing techniques may help reduce crying and improve comfort.

Burp Your Baby: Burping during and after feeding may help release swallowed air and reduce feeding-related discomfort.

Gentle Rocking: Holding and gently rocking the baby can provide comfort and help them settle.

Maintain Proper Feeding Techniques: Ensure that the baby is positioned comfortably during feeding and receives appropriate amounts of breast milk or formula.

Create a Calm Environment: Soft lighting, gentle sounds and reduced stimulation may help soothe an unsettled baby.

Try Gentle Movement: Walking with the baby in your arms or using gentle rhythmic movements may help calm them.

Never shake a baby. If crying becomes overwhelming, place the baby safely on their back in an empty cot and take a short break while seeking support.

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Not all excessive crying is caused by colic. Certain symptoms may indicate an underlying medical problem that requires attention.

Parents should seek medical advice if the baby experiences persistent feeding difficulties, poor weight gain, repeated vomiting, blood in stools, fever or unusual changes in behaviour.

Fever of 38°C or higher in a baby younger than three months requires urgent medical assessment. Green vomiting, breathing difficulties, marked lethargy or severe abdominal swelling also require urgent attention.

A pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist can evaluate the baby’s symptoms and determine whether further investigation or treatment is necessary.